Frequently asked questions
What is Pathological Demand Avoidance?
What is the difference between Pathological Demand Avoidance & Oppositional Defiant Disorder?
PDA behaviours are subconscious stress responses - the child's nervous system perceives demands as threats. ODD behaviours are intentional oppositionality or defiance.
Should all demand avoidance be considered Pathological Demand Avoidance?
No — Pathological Demand Avoidance is extreme, affecting all areas of life. Unlike typical avoidance, it includes enjoyable activities and even basic bodily needs.
Is PDA really different from Autism or just autism with anxiety?
PDA is a profile on the autism spectrum, marked by anxiety, extreme need for autonomy, and unique demand-avoidance strategies beyond typical anxiety.
If they avoid demands, how will they ever cope with real life?
With the right supports, those with PDA do build coping tools. Reducing pressure helps them feel safe, which in turn makes them more able to engage and learn real-life skills.
If they can do something sometimes, why can’t they do it all the time?
Ability doesn’t equal availability. Those with PDA can physically or cognitively do something, but the demand and anxiety often block access to that ability.
What’s the difference between a PDA meltdown and a tantrum?
A tantrum is a choice-driven outburst (often goal-oriented), while a PDA meltdown is an overload response to anxiety and loss of control, and it cannot be stopped by reasoning or rewards.
Doesn’t reducing demands mean they’ll never build resilience?
The opposite: meeting them where they are reduces stress, creating safety. Over time, this safety allows them to practice skills and gradually increase resilience.
Do PDA kids ever grow out of it?
PDA is lifelong, not just a childhood diagnosis. With the right strategies, supportive environments, and understanding, individuals can adapt and thrive!
How do I get my child evaluated? Is it important?
Yes, it is important, as a formal diagnosis allows your child to access support at school, including an Educational Assistant, as well as financial funding up to age 18.
How do I qualify to get an Autism dog?
Most Canadian organizations require:
- The person is diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Typically ages 3 to 18 (some will consider older teens or adults)
- Significant needs related to safety, bolting, meltdowns, anxiety, sleep, or daily living
- Ability for caregivers/family to handle the dog full-time, including training reinforcement
- Living in a stable home environment
- Some organizations may ask for documentation from a doctor or autism specialist.
- Autism Dog Services Canada
How do I learn more about PDA?
There are a variety of online courses available - I highly recommend the 'Paradigm Shift Program'- which was life changing for me in better understanding and supporting my daughter. Also other recommendations would be courses by Sally Cat, Ross Greene and Kristy Forbes.
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